Water Quality

Water fit for human consumption is generally also water fit for agriculture, horticulture and most human production and manufacturing activities.

Improved water quality improves all that depends on it

  • health
  • growth
  • feed conversion
  • cleanliness


Clean Water Technologies filters produce water "fit for human consumption" without chemical additives.

Refer to the WATER TEST section for how we determine the filter design appropriate for your particular water source.

Common water quality parameters

Parameter Human Drinking
Water Problems*		 Possible
Animal Problems**
pH Under 6.5 or over 8.5 Under 6.0 or over 8.5
Total Dissolved Solids Over 500 Over 1,000
Nitrate-Nitrogen Over 10 Over 20
Calcium - —
Copper Over 1.0 Over 1.0
Iron Over 0.30 Over 0.30
Manganese Over 0.05 Over 0.05
Magnesium - —
Sodium - —
Chloride Over 250 Over 250
Sulfate Over 250 Over 1,000
Hardness - —
Total coliform bacteria Over 1 —
E. coli bacteria Over 1 Over 1 colony per 100ml
in source water

 

* Based on human drinking water standards from Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection.
** Consult the Sources of More Information listed on page 2 for more discussion about the range of levels of concern that have been recommended by various authors. Parameters with a “—” indicate those with no clear consensus on livestock effects in research literature. While no levels of concern are provided for calcium, magnesium, sodium and hardness, high levels of these constituents should be accounted for in the overall ration.

References

Reference source and table

http://extension.psu.edu/natural-resources/water/drinking-water/water-testing/testing/interpreting-drinking-water-tests-for-dairy-cows

Martin Chaplin on Water

http://www1.lsbu.ac.uk/water/martin_chaplin.html